Mechanical activation
Mechanical activation of composite materials
Dimensions of the reinforcing elements do not allow to remove small defects of the hard tooth tissues. Thus, improvement of mechanical properties of the composite materials without reinforcing elements in the process of composite restoration teeth using layering technique remains relevant for dentistry. Possible solutions shall not only reduce the number of complications, but also increase reliability and life-span of the restoration. In order to drastically reduce the scope of micro- and macro-composite restoration and to increase durability of the composite material (without application of reinforcing elements), we were the first in the world to invent new direction in dentistry, mechanical activation of composite materials.
before
after
Mechanical activation in a broad sense should mean any acceleration of process flows, which results in the improvement of the device by mechanical impacts. We distinguish between the manual and manual/ vibration method of mechanical activation of composite materials.
Mechanical activation of the composite material by M. Melikian means the improvement of physical-mechanical and chemical properties resulting from the mechanical action (plastic deformation) on batches of the composite material.
The manual and manual/vibration methods of mechanical activation of composite materials have been elaborated.
The manual method of mechanical activation of the composite material according to RollBall concept by M. Melikyan is the improvement of physical-mechanical and chemical properties using the manual method of plastic deformation of the composite material.
before
after
The manual-vibration method of mechanical activation of the composite material by M. Melikian means the improvement of its physical-mechanical and chemical properties resulting from application of the manual and vibration methods of plastic deformation of a batch of the composite material.
RollBall concept by M. Melikian, the unifying manual plastic deformation of a batch of the extruded composite material and the formation of a ball or roll shape, has been developed and theoretically substantiated. Method of Vibrating Mechanical Activation of Composite Materials by M. Melikian and Device for its implementing was developed and patented: see, RU 2545410 and US 10,702,361 B2.
before
after
We have studied the impact of different mechanical activation methods on durability and porous structure of layered composite samples made of micro-hybrid composite material.
The impact of manual and manual and vibration mechanical activation methods on durability properties
The manual mechanical activation method for composite material under the RollBall concept by M. Melikian increases their maximum durability. In particular, if the composite material is shaped as a ball, the maximum loan increases by 5.7%, and as a roll, by 7.3% on the control samples.
before
after
We discovered that manual and vibration method of mechanical activation increases the maximum durability by 22.5% on the layered control samples manufactured according to the manufacturer's instruction.
The manual and manual-vibration methods of the mechanical activation increase the composite material ultimate strength by 5.7-22.5%. Тhus, the alternative methods of increasing the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material without application of the reinforcement elements during layered composite teeth restoration were first developed.
The impact of manual and manual and vibration mechanical activation methods on the porous structure
Based on the scientific studies it was found that the main cause of micro- and macro-chippings of the composite restoration were large critical closed pores and pore clusters. Concentration of the closed pores and pore clusters between the composite material layers leads to origination of the critical zones. The reasons why they emerge were established.
before
after
The impact of manual and manual vibration methods of mechanical activation on the porous structure of layered samples made of microhybride composite material after polymerization. The manual and manual vibration methods of composite material mechanical activation reduce the maximum level of critical pores between the layers of the composite material from 50% to 81%, and evenly allocate them in the sample volume. The method eliminates the formation of critical zones and visible voids where composite layers connect, thus ensuring the monolith structure.
before
after
The advantage of the vibration method of compaction of the portions of manual mechanically activated microhybride composite material where the connection boundaries are not visible is proven to be advantageous.
before
after
The occurence of fractures and chips of the composite restoration is scientifically proven not related to the production (small and average) pores but is rather related to large critical closed restoration pores and critical zones which mainly occur when using manual instrument method of compaction of batches of the plastically deformed, extruded composite material.
Development of the procedure of manual mechanically activated and manual vibration layered composite teeth restoration by M. Melikian
The following procedures were first developed based on the scientific research results:
- method of the manual-mechanically activated layered composite teeth restoration by M. Melikian;
- method of the manual-vibration mechanically activated layered composite teeth restoration by M. Melikian.
- The manual-mechanically activated composite teeth restoration by M. Melikyan is removal of defects of the hard tooth tissues using layering technique by the manual instrument method of the local nonuniform compaction of batches of the manually-mechanically activated composite material in the shape of a ball or roll.
before
after
The manual/vibration mechanically activated composite teeth restoration according to M. Melikyan is removal of defects of the hard tooth tissues using layering technique by the vibration instrument method of the compaction of batches of the manually-mechanically activated composite material.
before
after
The remote clinical outcomes indicate that reinforcement and mechanical activation of the composite material are promising directions in dentistry that enable to carry out:
- gentle preparation, eliminate any defect in solid tooth tissues without conventional artificial crowns, posts, built-ups, and veneers.
- restoration of the integrity of destroyed teeth taking into account their natural properties;
- prevention and mitigation of the probability of complications and increase the useful life of restored teeth.
before
after
Thus, the alternative methods of increasing the maximum load on composite materials during the layered composite restoration using the reinforcement and mechanical activation, which increases the maximum load to 98% cumulatively, were first developed worldwide.
